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Getting your timing right
Time of day
Think about when you work best (morning, afternoon or evening). When you need to learn facts, try to revise when you are most alert and focused.
Taking breaks
Take regular breaks to let your memory recover and absorb the information you have just studied. You will learn best if you revise material, have a sleep and then review the material the next day.
Pacing your learning
You will learn best if you spread your learning of a particular topic over an extended period of time. Rather than focusing on similar information for a whole day, change topics completely. When you next pick up a revised topic take a short time to recall what you learned previously and then build on it with new information.
Practising active learning
Passive learning does not work!
It's not effective to read your notes over and over, copy out notes or highlight bits of handouts. You need to think actively about ideas if you are going to remember them.
Learn actively by thinking, understanding and connecting the things you are trying to learn to your existing ideas and knowledge. Consider how the information can be used to answer exam questions from past papers. Is it a theory? Or supporting evidence? Do you agree with it?
Ask yourself…
"What have I just learnt?"
"How could I use it to answer an exam question?"
Strategies for understanding
Make sense of the information
Information is hard to remember if it does not make sense. So you need to understand what you are trying to learn and relate it to things you already know.
Use your own words in revision notes as this connects the ideas to your understanding.
Think about the material… and look for similarities and differences between new information and what you already know. Why was the research valuable? Has it been replicated? Does it support old theories or suggest new ones?
Explain the idea to a friend as this helps you to organise the ideas and ensures that you have really understood them.
Organise the information
It is easier to remember well organised information. Try to find a meaningful structure for the information. Identify the most significant points, break down ideas into sections. Make a concept map to summarise ideas and evidence. It is easier to remember one series of connected ideas rather than a lot of separate points.
Make the information more memorable
One way is to generate sounds or images to go with the information and form mental images to go with the ideas. Or make a concept map using colours to create a visual image.
Strategies for rote learning
Learning formulae and brief facts
Start learning formulae early in your revision and learn one at a time. Write the information out in colour on a card and stick it somewhere prominent, e.g. by the kettle or in the bathroom. Look at it every time you pass by. Test yourself. If you know it then put another formula in a different colour by the kettle and add the old one to a pile that you test yourself on regularly.
Mnemonics
These can be a useful way to learn facts. Use the first letter of each word to create an easily remembered phrase or word e.g. Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain (colours of the rainbow in order: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet).
Using music
If you're good at remembering song lyrics, you might try choosing a song and replacing the lyrics with the formulae or phrases you need to remember.
Testing yourself
The revision cycle
To get the most from your revision, test yourself again and again but with increasing gaps between tests:
10 minutes after learning something (e.g. at the end of the 10 minute study break which you take after learning the topic).
1 day later at the beginning of a revision session.
3 days later...
1 week later....etc
If you can't remember the information at any point in the cycle then relearn it and go back to it.
Recalling the information
Remembering
Practice planning lots of answers to old exam questions. You don't have to write the answer out in full. Practice plans will get you used to interpreting questions, then choosing and ordering what you know in order to answer them. During the exam this will help your ability to retrieve information quickly and see how to apply it to the particular question.
Stay calm
During exams stay calm. If you can't remember something move on to another topic. Your mind is likely to remember the information once you stop searching for it.
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